Research on SDG 14
Baku State University (BSU) has been actively advancing research in support of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 14 (Life Below Water), recognizing the Caspian Sea as both a unique ecological system and a critical resource for Azerbaijan’s sustainable development. With its coastal location and strong expertise in environmental sciences, geology, biology, and chemistry, BSU has become a leading institution in studying marine ecosystems, pollution impacts, biodiversity conservation, and sustainable use of aquatic resources.
Research carried out at BSU addresses urgent challenges such as oil-related pollution, heavy metal contamination, plastic waste, and the ecological effects of climate-induced sea level changes. By applying advanced methods—including geophysical surveys, chemical analyses, remote sensing, and biological monitoring—BSU scholars have generated vital insights into marine and coastal dynamics. Their work not only supports scientific understanding but also informs policy frameworks for sustainable management of the Caspian Sea.
In addition, BSU has contributed to biodiversity protection through studies on migratory birds, fish species, and endangered mammals dependent on aquatic ecosystems. Partnerships with international universities and organizations further strengthen the university’s role in promoting cross-border collaboration for the protection of shared water resources.
Through its interdisciplinary research, educational programs, and stakeholder engagement, BSU demonstrates a strong commitment to SDG 14 by addressing pollution reduction, sustainable fisheries, and the conservation of marine biodiversity. These efforts reinforce the university’s mission to contribute to global sustainability while responding to the ecological priorities of Azerbaijan and the wider Caspian region.
For more SDGs related articles please visit : https://www.scopus.com/pages/organization/60071969#tab=sdgs
1. Authors: Yetirmishli, G.J., Kazimova, S.E., Samedzade, A.V.
Focus: Seismic and hydrocarbon potential of the Bulla-Deniz field in the Eurasian–Arabian plate collision zone.
Methods: Geophysical, seismological, tomography, GPS, and drilling data analysis.
Findings: Identified deep structural anomalies and active faults; revealed extension and strike-slip tectonic movements critical for hydrocarbon accumulation.
Recommendation: Continuous seismic monitoring and geological assessment are essential for hydrocarbon exploration and risk mitigation.
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2. Authors: Maeyouf H., Khattab R.A., Temraz T., Mahmoud S., İmran A., Imanova G.
Focus: Heavy metal contamination along Libya’s Susah and Tobruk coasts.
Methods: Sediment, seawater, and marine life sampling with metal analysis.
Findings: High cadmium pollution in Susah; significant lead accumulation in fish tissues.
Recommendation: Urgent implementation of pollution control measures to protect ecosystems and human health.
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3. Authors: Gadirova, E.M., Kurbanova, R.V., Asadova, I., Habibova, A.G., Suleymanova, E.I.
Focus: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in wastewater and Caspian Sea samples.
Methods: Chemical analysis of refinery wastewater and seawater.
Findings: PAH concentrations often exceed safe levels, posing serious ecological threats.
Recommendation: Strengthen wastewater management and pollution monitoring in oil-related industries.
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4. Authors: Taghiyev, A.N., Karimova, N.A., Badalova, S.V.
Focus: Breeding behavior of migratory-nesting bird species on the southwestern Caspian coast (2008–2023).
Methods: Long-term field observations of bird populations.
Findings: Habitat loss and water level decline increased competition, threatening species like Bubulcus ibis.
Recommendation: Urgent conservation and habitat restoration measures are needed.
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5. Authors: Humbatova, S., Abbasova, G., Humbatov, M.F.O.
Focus: Coastal transformations of the Azerbaijani Caspian Sea coast.
Methods: Historical analysis of sea level changes, pollution, and socio-environmental impacts.
Findings: Rapid morphological changes since the 20th century threaten ecosystems and infrastructure.
Recommendation: Develop integrated coastal monitoring and management strategies.
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6. Authors: Etirmishli, G.D., Arastun, I.K., Samedzade, A.V., Serikova, U.S.
Focus: Hydrocarbon potential of the Bulla-Deniz oil and gas field.
Methods: Geological and geophysical analysis, drilling data, and advanced extraction technologies.
Findings: Rich hydrocarbon layers with high production potential; enhanced efficiency through horizontal drilling and hydrofracking.
Recommendation: Apply advanced extraction methods for sustainable resource development.
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7. Authors: Nasibova, A.N., Bakhishzada, A., Khalilov, R.I.
Focus: Environmental and health risks of microplastics.
Methods: Literature review on micro- and nanoplastic pathways and impacts.
Findings: Microplastics accumulate in tissues, disrupt biological systems, and contribute to chronic diseases.
Recommendation: Reduce plastic use, improve waste management, and limit human exposure.
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8. Authors: Mammadli S., Khalilov R., Muslumova Z., Asadova I., Farajov M., Ismailova G.
Focus: Pollution in the Araz River and its environmental impacts.
Methods: Mass and radio spectrometry of water, soil, and plants.
Findings: High levels of Mo, Cu, Mn exceeding safety limits; contamination of soil and vegetation.
Recommendation: Pollution prevention measures are needed to safeguard agriculture, livestock, and human health.
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9. Authors: Gadirova, E.M., Hajiyeva, S.R., Huseyinli, A.G., Rustamova, U.N.
Focus: PAHs and heavy metals in wastewater and Caspian Sea samples.
Methods: Chemical analysis of refinery discharges and seawater.
Findings: Significant pollutant levels present risks to marine ecosystems.
Recommendation: Enforce stricter wastewater discharge regulations.
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10. Authors: Safarov, S., Kamran, K.V., Ismayilov, V.G., Safarov, E.S.
Focus: Upwelling events in the Caspian Sea.
Methods: MODIS-Aqua infrared satellite data (2003–2021).
Findings: Seasonal upwelling (May–September) peaks in July–August; strong gradients up to 4°C per 100 km.
Recommendation: Further study upwelling impacts on fisheries and marine ecosystems.
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11. Authors: Gadirova, E.M., Abdullayev, V.H., Abuzarova, V.A., Avramović, Z.Z.
Focus: Biological wastewater treatment methods.
Methods: Review of treatment principles and technologies.
Findings: Biological treatments reduce environmental impact effectively.
Recommendation: Expand use of biological methods for sustainable wastewater management.
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12. Authors: Amiri, G.S., Mammadov, C.A.
Focus: Comparative growth and physiology of rainbow and amber trout.
Methods: Rearing under identical conditions at AZFOREL fish farm (2021–2022).
Findings: Rainbow trout outperformed amber trout in growth, protein, and calcium levels.
Recommendation: Rainbow trout may be more suitable for aquaculture in Azerbaijan.
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13. Authors: Imranov, F.B., Rustamov, R.B.
Focus: Ecological stress and monitoring in the Caucasus–Caspian region.
Methods: Remote sensing and satellite imaging of coastal changes and pollution.
Findings: Oil spills and geodynamic stresses monitored effectively with space technologies.
Recommendation: Expand remote sensing applications for ecological monitoring.
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14. Authors: Ahmadova, K.N.
Focus: Forecasting hydrocarbon composition of oil via dielectric spectroscopy.
Methods: Spectroscopic ellipsometry to measure dielectric function.
Findings: Developed accurate “dielectric fingerprint” to identify oil origin.
Recommendation: Apply method for oilfield identification and environmental monitoring.
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15. Authors: Askerov, E., Mallon, D.P., Zazanashvili, N., Kochiashvili, V., Sarukhanova, S., Muradov, A.
Focus: Conservation of the Goitered Gazelle in the Caucasus.
Methods: Population monitoring and reintroduction programs (1930s–2020s).
Findings: Population rebounded in Shirvan Reserve; 312 individuals now in transboundary areas.
Recommendation: Continue habitat protection and cross-border conservation efforts.
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16. Authors: Agayeva, N., Rzayev, F.H., Gasimov, E.K., Mamedov, C.A., Ahmadov, I.S., +4 authors
Focus: Nanoparticle bioaccumulation in rainbow trout.
Methods: Tracing Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles through aquatic food chains.
Findings: Nanoparticles accumulated in fish tissues, including mitochondria and lysosomes.
Recommendation: Regulate nanoparticle use in aquaculture and nanobiotechnology.
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17. Authors: Baldermann, A., Abbasov, O.R., Bayramova, A.S., Abdullayev, E., Dietzel, M.
Focus: Chemical properties of mud volcano fluids in Azerbaijan.
Methods: Mineralogical and geochemical analysis of Bahar and Zenbil mud volcanoes.
Findings: Fluids enriched with solutes and trace elements from deep geological processes.
Recommendation: Study environmental impacts of mud volcano fluids on water and sediments.
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