Research on SDG 5

Introduction

Baku State University (BSU) is actively contributing to SDG 5: Gender Equality by combining research, policy initiatives, and partnerships that promote equal opportunities for women and men. With women making up nearly two-thirds of its graduates, BSU not only monitors gender-related data but also develops action plans to address disparities across faculties. Since 2018, the university’s Department of Gender and Applied Psychology has been piloting a mentoring program for female students, now being expanded institution-wide. These efforts are reinforced through collaborations with government bodies, NGOs, and international organizations such as UNDP and UNFPA, aligning BSU’s work with both national legislation and global standards. By embedding SDG 5 into its strategic vision, BSU is positioning itself as a driver of gender equality in Azerbaijan’s higher education sector.

All SDGs related articles please visit : https://www.scopus.com/pages/organization/60071969#tab=sdgs

1. Authors: Aliyeva L.A., Latifova S.
Focus: Influence of Islamic law and local traditions on women’s status in medieval Azerbaijan.
Methods: Historical, cultural anthropology, and gender studies approach.
Findings: Shaped a model of womanhood still influencing modern gender norms.
Recommendation: Highlights the need for deeper interdisciplinary research on Azerbaijan’s gender history.
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2. Authors: Almazova O.V., Azimzade A.A., Gavrilova M.N., Babayev M.A.
Focus: Parenting values among rural Azerbaijani mothers.
Methods: Survey of 411 mothers.
Findings:

• Prioritize motherhood over careers.

• Trust family/experts for advice.

• Value patriotism, respect, education.

• Emphasize obedience, exploration, early communication.

• Limited knowledge of child development.
  Recommendation: Strengthen parental education on child development.
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3. Authors: Ledesma J.R., Ma J., Vongpradith A., Frank T.D., García-Basteiro A.L.
Focus: Gender differences in tuberculosis (TB) burden.
Methods: Global TB data (2019).
Findings:

• Men without HIV → higher TB cases/deaths.

• Women with HIV → higher TB cases/deaths.

• Risk factors: smoking/alcohol (men), unsafe sex (women with HIV).
  Recommendation: Improve TB diagnosis/treatment for men and address HIV-related TB in women.
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4. Authors: Aliyeva Lala A.
Focus: Gender roles in the Caucasus (past 30 years).
Methods: Literature review, socio-political analysis.
Findings: Men as breadwinners/decision-makers, women as caregivers → limits women’s careers and political participation.
Recommendation: Support policies to balance domestic and public roles.
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5. Authors: Frank T.D., Carter A.R., Jahagirdar D., Duken E.E., Duko B.
Focus: Global HIV/AIDS trends (1980–2017, forecasts to 2030).
Methods: Data from 195 countries, trend analysis.
Findings:

• HIV mortality peaked 2006, incidence 1999.

• Prevalence ↑ due to ART scale-up.

• Southern Africa highest prevalence.

• Many countries not on track for UNAIDS targets.
  Recommendation: Expand ART and prevention programs.
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6. Authors: Stanaway J.D., Parisi A., Sarkar K., Murray C.J.L., Crump J.A.
Focus: Global burden of invasive non-typhoidal salmonella.
Methods: Epidemiological estimates (2017).
Findings:

• 535,000 cases, 77,500 deaths.

• Highest incidence in sub-Saharan Africa.

• Children <5, elderly, HIV+ most at risk.
  Recommendation: Better surveillance and preventive measures.
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7. Authors: Nkedianye D.K., Ogutu J.O., Said M.Y., Van Gardingen P.R., Reid R.S.
Focus: Livestock inequality among Maasai households (Kenya & Tanzania).
Methods: Field surveys, socio-economic analysis.
Findings:

• Men own more livestock than women.

• Inequality + reduced mobility threaten climate resilience.
  Recommendation: Policies to ensure equitable livestock access.
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8. Authors: Özsoy B.
Focus: Women’s status in Central Asia & Caucasus after USSR collapse.
Methods: National data + global reports (2015).
Findings: Crises reshaped women’s roles; mix of old and new gender influences.
Recommendation: Stronger gender equality policies in post-Soviet states.
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9. Authors: Mollaeva E.A.
Focus: Impact of gender stereotypes on education/opportunities.
Methods: Theoretical analysis, case studies.
Findings: Stereotypes hinder women’s development, especially in developing countries.
Recommendation: Anti-discrimination laws + education/media reforms.
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10. Authors: Aliyeva B.A.
Focus: Son preference & sex-selective abortion in Azerbaijan.
Methods: Legal analysis, demographic trends.
Findings:

• Normal sex ratio until early 1990s.

• Later skewed due to son preference, declining fertility, sex-determination technologies.
  Recommendation: Strengthen legal & policy responses against sex-selective abortion.
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11. Authors: Aryana M.
Focus: Gender, self-esteem, and aggression among students.
Methods: Survey of 343 students.
Findings:

• Girls slightly higher self-esteem (NS).

• Boys significantly more aggressive.

• Self-esteem varies by study field; aggression does not.
  Recommendation: Address aggression through gender-sensitive education.
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12. Authors: Magno C.S., Silova I.
Focus: Gender equity in post-socialist education.
Methods: Review of textbooks, curricula, teacher attitudes (1990s).
Findings: Gender-neutral approaches → reinforced stereotypes.
Recommendation: Adopt gender-sensitive reforms in education.
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