Sustainable Development Goals at Baku State University.

A panel discussion titled “Urbanization: challenges and prospects of modern cities” was held at Baku State University (BSU), organized by the Student Scientific Society, within the framework of events dedicated to Science Day in Azerbaijan.

The moderator of the event, Deputy Chairman of the Society Raul Imanov, emphasized that urbanization is one of the most pressing socio-economic and environmental processes globally. He noted that urbanization goes beyond population concentration in cities and encompasses infrastructure development, sustainable planning, environmental balance, accessibility of social services, and the application of innovative governance mechanisms. He highlighted the importance of scientifically studying urbanization processes and engaging young researchers in academic discussions to promote sustainable urban development.

Associate Professor Mahluga Yusifova, Head of the Department of Geographical Ecology, delivered a presentation on “Urbanization and Urban Ecology.” She addressed the environmental impacts of modern urbanization, the transformation of urban landscapes, and sustainable city development from a scientific perspective. It was noted that urbanization is a complex ecological process involving changes in natural ecosystems, the formation of urban ecosystems, and increasing anthropogenic pressure on air, water, and soil. Issues such as the reduction of green spaces, air pollution, and inefficient resource use were highlighted as key challenges.

She also stressed the global relevance of the topic, referring to discussions held during COP29, where climate change, carbon emission reduction, and environmental sustainability were key priorities directly linked to urban management. Additionally, she mentioned the significance of World Urban Forum 13, where sustainable urbanization, inclusive city planning, and environmentally balanced urban environments are central themes.

Doctoral student Imran Bayramov presented on “Urban Planning and Settlement Characteristics in Azerbaijan.” He discussed the historical stages of urbanization in the country, spatial patterns of urban settlements, and the influence of geographical location, natural resources, transport networks, and regional development strategies on city formation. He emphasized that aligning urban planning with modern requirements is essential for sustainable urban development.

The discussion concluded with an interactive Q&A session, where participants exchanged views on urbanization challenges and potential solutions.

SDG 4 (Quality Education), SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure), SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), SDG 13 (Climate Action)